OBJETIVO: Elaborar recomendações para a vacinação em pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) no Brasil. MÉTODO: Revisão da literatura e opinião de especialistas membros da Comissão de AR da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia e um pediatra reumatologista. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Foram estabelecidas 12 recomendações: 1) Antes de iniciar drogas modificadoras do curso de doença, deve-se revisar e atualizar o cartão vacinal; 2) As vacinas contra influenza sazonal e contra H1N1 estão indicadas anualmente para pacientes portadores de AR; 3) A vacina antipneumocócica deve ser indicada para todos os pacientes; 4) A vacina contra varicela deve ser indicada para pacientes com história negativa ou duvidosa de infecção prévia por varicela; 5) A vacina contra HPV deve ser considerada em adolescentes e mulheres jovens; 6) A vacina antimeningocócica é indicada para pacientes portadores de AR apenas em casos de asplenia ou deficiência de complemento; 7) Existe orientação de imunização contra o Haemophilus influenzae tipo B de pacientes adultos asplênicos; 8) Não há indicação de uma vacina adicional contra BCG em pacientes com AR; 9) A vacina contra hepatite B é indicada para pacientes com anticorpos contra HBsAg negativos; considerar a vacina contra hepatite A em combinação com a hepatite B; 10) Pacientes com grande risco de contrair tétano que receberam rituximabe nas últimas 24 semanas devem utilizar imunização passiva com imunoglobulina antitetânica; 11) A vacina contra febre amarela é contraindicada nos pacientes com AR em uso de imunossupressores; 12) As recomendações acima descritas devem ser revisadas ao longo da evolução da AR.

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate recommendations to the vaccination of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Brazil. METHOD: Literature review and opinion of expert members of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology Committee of Rheumatoid Arthritis and of an invited pediatric rheumatologist. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The following 12 recommendations were established: 1) Before starting disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, the vaccine card should be reviewed and updated; 2) Vaccines against seasonal influenza and against H1N1 are indicated annually for patients with RA; 3) The pneumococcal vaccine should be indicated for all patients with RA; 4) The vaccine against varicella should be indicated for patients with RA and a negative or dubious history for that disease; 5) The HPV vaccine should be considered for adolescent and young females with RA; 6) The meningococcal vaccine is indicated for patients with RA only in the presence of asplenia or complement deficiency; 7) Asplenic adults with RA should be immunized against Haemophilus influenzae type B; 8) An additional BCG vaccine is not indicated for patients diagnosed with RA; 9) Hepatitis B vaccine is indicated for patients with RA who are negative for antibodies against HBsAg; the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine should be considered; 10) Patients with RA and at high risk for tetanus, who received rituximab in the preceding 24 weeks, should undergo passive immunization with tetanus immunoglobulin in case of exposure; 11) The YF vaccine is contraindicated to patients with RA on immunosuppressive drugs; 12) The above described recommendations should be reviewed over the course of RA.

A sinovite hipertrófica familiar é uma condição rara, de origem familiar, que deve ser lembrada no diagnóstico diferencial das artrites da infância. Os autores apresentam o caso de um menino de 7 anos, portador de deformidades dos artelhos em flexão e múltiplos derrames articulares indolores acometendo grandes articulações, desde o nascimento e sem sintomas sistêmicos. O paciente possui uma prima com quadro semelhante.

Familial hyperthrophic synovitis is a rare condition, of familial origin, that must be remembered in the differential diagnosis of childhood arthritis. The authors report a case of a 7 years old boy with flexion finger deformities and painless joint effusion of the large joints since birth, without systemic involvement. The patient has a cousin with similar manifestations.

Perda visual permanente, resultante de inflamação ocular recidivante, ocorre freqüentemente em pacientes com doença de Behçet, apesar de tratamento imunossupressor crônico e intensivo. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente masculino, com 35 anos de idade, apresentando uveíte posterior, crônica e bilateral, refratária ao tratamento com corticosteróides e imunossupressores. O tratamento com infliximabe mostrou um efeito benéfico na uveíte desse paciente.

Permanent vision loss resulting from relapsing ocular inflammation occurs frequently in patients with Behçet's disease, despite intensive and chronic immunosuppressive therapy. The authors report the case of a 35-year-old man with chronic bilateral posterior uveitis refractory to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents (methotrexate and cyclosporine) with a beneficial effect from treatment with infliximab.

Histoplasma capsulatum, a ground fungus, can infect humans, normally in endemic areas; the resulting disease can be asymptomatic or it can have a benign development, but in rare cases it can develop into a serious clinical condition and can even be fatal. Its most characteristic initial location is in the lungs, resembling tuberculosis, often accompanied by mediastinitis and an exuberant fibrotic response. The spread of this infection can be caused by the concomitance of another illness that alters the immunological balance. Sometimes such an association is not clear. Therefore, disseminated histoplasmosis is defined as a clinical condition where the fungus is present in more than one location. Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by a generalized failure in the synthesis of antibodies, leading the affected individuals to present recurrent infections, especially those caused by encapsulated bacteria, most often involving the respiratory tract. We studied a serious case of disseminated histoplasmosis, accompanied by common variable immunodeficiency, observed at the Infirmary of the department of Medical Practice of the Federal University at Paraná Hospital das Clínicas.